What is the main reason for adding fluoride ion to drinking water?

The primary reason for adding fluoride ions to drinking water is to reduce tooth decay. Fluoride is a natural mineral that helps to strengthen tooth enamel and makes teeth more resistant to the acid attacks from bacteria and sugars that cause cavities. Numerous studies have demonstrated that communities with fluoridated drinking water experience significantly lower rates of dental caries (tooth decay) compared to those without fluoride.

While enhancing taste, purifying water, and increasing mineral content can be important factors in water treatment and quality, they are not the main objectives associated with fluoride addition. The focus on public health—specifically in promoting oral health and preventing dental issues—is what primarily drives the practice of fluoridation in community water supplies. This public health initiative has been endorsed by various health organizations as an effective means to improve dental health outcomes in populations.