High levels of trihalomethanes have been associated with which health concern?

Trihalomethanes (THMs) are byproducts formed when chlorine or other disinfectants used in water treatment react with organic matter. Among the health concerns associated with high levels of trihalomethanes, cancer is particularly notable. Research has shown that exposure to elevated levels of these compounds over time can increase the risk of various types of cancer, particularly bladder cancer and possibly colorectal cancer. This association arises from the way these chemicals interact within the body and their potential to cause cellular damage, leading to malignancies.

In contrast, the other health concerns listed—respiratory issues, cardiovascular problems, and neurological disorders—are generally not directly linked to THMs in the same way that cancer is. While environmental factors can contribute to these health issues, the primary health risk connected to trihalomethanes as established by studies largely points to their potential carcinogenicity.